This case involves two companies that were selling energy conversion kits. One company filed for a Certification of Conformity through the EPA and waited until it had received the certification before selling its product. The other company sold the kits without the certification. The company obtaining the Certification alleged that they were put at a competitive disadvantage because the competitor did not follow the certification process, and thus were able to enter and establish themselves in the market before they could. They also alleged this certification is a requirement by the EPA in order to sell these products, rather than a guideline. The defendant was selling the conversion kits as individual parts to individual consumers, and not to manufacturers who then take these kits, applies it to their engine products and then resells the whole unit.
Question(s) For Expert Witness
1. Please describe your experience with EPA certifications and regulations.
2. What does EPA 40 CFR Section 1054.645 require if a company is not a manufacturer and selling products individually?
Expert Witness Response E-085712
I have worked with the US EPA and the California Engine and Aftermarket Parts certifications and regulations for 12 years. Prior to that, I have been involved with federal and state (many states) regulations and certifications for over 40 years, including drafting rules, commenting on rules and implementing or enforcing rules when working for state environmental agencies and the US EPA.
The following is an exerpt from 40CFR 1054.645, as they relate to conversion kits:
(e) Entities producing conversion kits may obtain certificates of conformity for the converted engines. Such entities are engine manufacturers for purposes of this part.
Basically, the engine manufacturer is the party responsible for the certified model, not the aftermarket parts seller. I was involved in an aftermarket parts study in California for purpose of the State agency determining if they wanted to regulate aftermarket part conversions of certified engines. So far California does not see an overwhelming case for it.
About the author
Joseph O'Neill
Joe has extensive experience in online journalism and technical writing across a range of legal topics, including personal injury, meidcal malpractice, mass torts, consumer litigation, commercial litigation, and more. Joe spent close to six years working at Expert Institute, finishing up his role here as Director of Marketing. He has considerable knowledge across an array of legal topics pertaining to expert witnesses. Currently, Joe servces as Owner and Demand Generation Consultant at LightSail Consulting.
